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Environmental Hazards in Low-Income Areas - Overview
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Front Page / Issue Briefs / Environment and Natural Resources / Environmental Hazards in Low-Income Areas / Overview
Issue Brief
Environmental Hazards in Low-Income Areas - Overview
Goal Statement one sentence that further defines the topic
- To illustrate the connection between low income areas, made up primarily of minorities, and adverse environmental conditions that affect residents. To pose solutions to rectify these environmental hazards and create better practices within communities.
Local/State/National Information additional information on this topic at the local, state, national, global level
Policy Options / Model Programs link to profiles of specific policies or program models, grouped by type
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State Level
- New Jersey Environmental Justice Law: The legislation (S-232) requires the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to evaluate the environmental and public health impacts on vulnerable communities when reviewing permit applications for certain new facilities such as gas-fired power plants, incinerators, sewage plants, landfills, and others. The legislation acknowledges the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on low income and minority communities and makes a commitment that all New Jersey citizens have equal right to healthy spaces.
- Maine LD 1263: Provides financial assistance for well-water treatment for properties with contaminated wells, as well as low-income families with private wells
- California SB 535: Requires that 25% of the revenue generated from California’s cap-and-trade system (AB 32) goes towards projects that benefit disadvantaged communities overall, at least 10% of which must go directly to projects within disadvantaged communities.
- Massachusetts Environmental Justice Act: (Bill S.464) intended to promote environmental justice, eliminate disparities with respect to exposure to environmental toxins, ensure access to environmental benefits within the Commonwealth, and implement Article 97 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth, which provides that the "people shall have the right to clean air and water, freedom from excessive and unnecessary noise, and the natural, scenic, historic, and esthetic qualities of their environment; and the protection of the people in their right to the conservation, development and utilization of the agricultural, mineral, forest, water, air and other natural resources is hereby declared to be a public purpose.
- Washington Establishing a Healthy Environment For All Act: (SB 5489) Creates a task force to recommend how best to incorporate environmental justice principles into how state agencies discharge their responsibilities. Declares that the legislature establishes that state agencies will use all practicable means and measures to promote environmental justice and fair treatment, to ensure implementation and adherence to state policies of fostering and promoting the general welfare by assuring the people of this state have a safe and healthful environment and serving as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations. Requires the state agencies that are represented on the task force, after issuance of the task force report, to adopt rules as recommended in the report. Authorizes the state agencies to adopt interim guidelines and practices before the adoption of rules. Requires the department of ecology to adopt rules implementing the task force recommendations to provide uniform rules and guidelines to state agencies serving on the task force.
- Municipal Zoning, Land Use, and Environmental Justice
- 1. Bans on [new or expanded] unwanted land uses: One of the most direct ways to mitigate negative impacts on environmental justice communities is to institute an outright prohibition or ban on specific land uses or industries deemed harmful to public health and the environment. The right of communities to say No to unwanted, noxious land uses continues to be a catalyst for environmental justice struggles across the globe.The ability to resist industry proposals at the local level often runs into significant opposition, particularly in municipalities seeking to maximize their taxable properties and economic development opportunities. In communities where land values are already depressed and where there are existing concentrations of industrial users on land zoned for that purpose, the conditions are ripe for disproportionate concentrations of polluting land uses.
- Chicago, IL 2014 The Coke & Coal Bulk Material Uses Ordinance, Chapter 17-9-0117-B, prohibits the development or expansion of petroleum coke and coal facilities in the City of Chicago.
- The Manganese-bearing Material Operation Uses Ordinance bans new manganese handling facilities from opening and existing facilities from expanding. Portland, OR 2016 The Fossil Fuel Terminal Zoning Amendments prohibit new Bulk Fossil Fuel Terminals in all base zones within the City of Portland.
- Oakland, CA 2016 Ordinance 13385 banned the storage, loading unloading, stockpiling transloading and handling of coal and coke based on health and safety concerns associated with coal. The ordinance was since repealed.
- Seattle, WA 2017 Resolution 31757 affirms the City of Seattle’s commitment to meet or exceed goals established in the Paris Climate Agreement and calls upon state and city entities to advance climate change related goals.
- Whatcom County, WA 2017 Interim Ordinance Imposing a Moratorium on unrefined fossil fuel prohibits the acceptance and processing of applications and permits for new or expanded facilities in the Cherry Point Urban Growth Area of which the primary purpose would be the shipment of unrefined fossil fuels not to be processed at Cherry Point.
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Baltimore, MD 2018 The Crude Oil Terminal Prohibition Ordinance 18.110 bans new or expanded crude oil terminals in the City of Baltimore by repealing and re-ordaining, with amendments Article 32- Zoning Section(s)1-218 and adding Article 32 Zoning Section(s) 1-304(v-1) of Baltimore City Code.
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General environmental justice policies
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Reviews
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Proactive planning
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Targeting existing land uses
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Public Health codes and policies
Glossary of Terms key words or phrases that the layperson needs to know to understand this issue
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Superfund Site: polluted locations in the United States requiring a long-term response to clean up hazardous material contaminations. They were designated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980.
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Environmental Hazards in Low-Income Areas - Overview
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